Privatization of prisons in the United States Research Proposal

Privatization of prisons in the United States - Research Proposal Example Prisoners in all developed society are abhorred by the society and this disgust creates an aversion. The aim of the prison system is to protect the semblance of the society and maintain social order. Historically prison system was used to detain criminals until further punishment was not administered. The prisons were actually dungeons where people were kept for their crimes. Criminals were not sentenced to spend time in jail rather they were either killed or set free and this practice dates back to the time of Old Testament (Griffith, 1993, pp. 91). Since then people were kept in dungeons (similar to present prisons) but the concept of criminal sentencing or jail time was not there. A person was either free or guilty, and a guilty person was punishable by death. The present day prison system came into existence in the middle part of 18th century. During this time criminals were imprisoned as a punishment for their crimes. Societies were actually developing and it was no longer consi dered right to give extreme punishments to every transgressor. Prison system developed in order to keep criminals away from the society and at the same time punishing them for their crimes. The role of Jeremy Bentham, a British philosopher, cannot be ignored in the development of present form of prison system (Jackson. 1997). From 18th century onwards the present day form of prison system came into existence and details were added in later years but the concept of criminal sentencing started from 18 the century. Since then prisons have been in hands of the state and government have operated prisons. It was politically essential for rulers to own and control the prison system so they can avert any revolt from the masses. But today the situation is very different as societies have evolved and they have come up with a refined justice system. There is no need for governments to control the prison system as a criminal justice system is in placed according to the constitution. Therefore i t is argued that in today’s world prison system should be privatized. The development of economic system and introduction of concept of free markets has started a wave of privatization. Governments all over the world are considering opening their economies and promoting private enterprises in order to promote free markets. Similar demand is made with regards to the prison system. Prison systems are directly related to the social justice system of a society therefore privatization of this institution is not very easy. Arguments are made both for and against privatization of prison. This research proposal will deal with the privatization of prison and an attempt will be made to better understand how privatization will have positive or negative effect on the present day prison system. Literature Review Many local governments are thinking of privatization of prisons in order to decrease their work load. It is generally expected that private sector will perform in a more cost effe ctive manner in order to earn profits. Overall efficiency of prison system is expected to increase if prison system is given in the hands of the private sector. But there are also concerns about privatization of prisons as it may lead to social problems. Therefore much research work has been conducted on the feasibility of private prisons. Literature on the subject also focuses on cost efficiency and performance of private prison system. Pr

Outsourcing in the Workplace Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Outsourcing in the Workplace - Research Paper Example In this present era of globalization, outsourcing has gained much attention from many business organizations. Currently, it can be viewed that in order to expand the range of business activities and also to focus more upon the core competencies, business organizations often outsource their various tasks such as product designing, assembling, research and development, marketing, distribution, customers relations department and after-sales service among others. There are different kinds of outsourcing techniques that are readily practiced as well as implemented in the global business environment. The commonly used outsourcing streams principally include IT, legal, content, recruitment, manufacturing, logistics, web design and customer support. Workplace outsourcing can be employed in every kind of business. For example, relating to an Information Technology (IT) based company workplace outsourcing is mainly utilized for balancing demands of their end users ensuring greater mobility. It can be stated that an effectual workplace outsourcing technology decreases workplace complexity by delivering effective end-to-end management of their distributed computing environments. Other than providing stable work environments, workplace outsourcing enhances user productivity with quicker software rollout to a significant extent. Apart from the aforesaid advantages, outsourcing in the workplace can also be viewed to generate significant disadvantages affecting the overall business operations quite considerably (Kathawala, Zhang, & Shao, 2005). It is quite controversial to describe the nature of outsourcing concerning its benefits as well as disadvantages from an organizational standpoint as well as its workplace.   Explanation of Outsourcing as Good There are a number of advantages that can be gained from conducting outsourcing in the workplace. Outsourcing in the workplace can be treated as a cost-saving strategy. Cost saving or cutting cost is not a sole reason for a firm to outsource, but outsourcing can often be treated as a vital factor in building effective communication in the workplace to a certain degree. Through outsourcing firms often succeed in reducing stress for their core employees. For example, a company operating in the United States can outsource its marketing division to an outsourcing firm in an offshore locale with the intention of availing of lower labor wage rate as compared to the domestic market of the US. Through outsourcing, a company may increase its profitability to a certain degree. Moreover, it also might create a greater value especially for the customers along with the shareholders of a company. After outsourcing a task, a company becomes free to focus on evaluating its important strategic competencies. Along with that, a company can also focus on improving various significant aspects that include customer satisfaction, time-to-market, responsiveness and quality among others. Outsourcing improves the service quality wh ich is offered by the firms to the customers.  Ã‚