Culture, Nation And Social Cohesions A Scrutiny Of...

The article, â€Å"Culture, Nation and Social Cohesions: A Scrutiny of Revolutionary Cuba† by Kronenberg (2008), first talks about the development and character of Cuban national culture: Cuba’s original people. The author discusses the historical events that occurred in Cuba and how those historic events has shaped Cuba’s culture. He talks about the original tribes that were on Cuba’s land for decades, which were Taino and Siboney Amerindian tribes. They were originally one of the first groups to help shape the Cuban culture. After a while, Spanish invaders came to Cuba and took over the land and established their own set of rules and traditions. This is how Cuba got its mixture of cultures, between the Spanish culture, Armenian culture and African culture coming together in Cuba. In addition, this section of the article talks about words that developed in Cuba from all the mixtures of countries and cultures. Kronenberg (2008) states, that some of these w ords are â€Å"words like ‘hammock’, ‘manatee’, ‘yucca’, ‘hurricane’, and ‘tobacco’, which can be regarded as the ‘last surviving parting gift’ or ‘retributive curse’ the original inhabitants of the Caribbean offered to their Spanish captors†(p. 51). This is a small interesting fact to learn about the early Cuban culture and to see where Cuba got some of its influences from and what they originally kept from those influential countries. Kronenberg then discusses about the entry of new cultures and the colonial cultural situation inShow MoreRelatedCuban National Culture : Cubas Original People1719 Words   |  7 PagesCuban national culture: Cuba’s original people. It discusses the historical events that occurred in Cuba and how those historic events have shaped Cuba’s culture. It talks about the original tribes that were on Cuba’s land for decades, which were Taino and Siboney Amerindian tribes. They were originally one of the first groups to help shape the Cuban culture. After a while, Spanish invaders came to Cuba and took over the land and put its own set of rules and traditions. This is how Cuba got its mixtureRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesPublic Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A PoliticalRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pages84 Computerized Exam 85 Decision Dilemmas 86 SKILL PRACTICE 89 Exercises for Improving Self-Awareness Through Self-Disclosure 89 Through the Looking Glass 89 Diagnosing Managerial Characteristics 90 An Exercise for Identifying Aspects of Personal Culture: A Learning Plan and Autobiography 92 SKILL APPLICATION 95 Activities for Developing Self-Awareness 95 Suggested Assignments 95 Application Plan and Evaluation 95 SCORING KEYS AND COMPARISON DATA 97 Self-Awareness Assessment 97 Scoring Key 97 Comparison

Ancient Egyptian Scarab, Commemorative Scarab And Scarab...

In this paper I will be talking about the Ancient Egyptian Scarab, and it’s significants to Egypt. In great detail, this paper will explore the different scarabs such as the heart scarab, commemorative scarab and scarab amulet. In addition, it will explain if dating scarab is easy or complicated to do. To conclude the paper, I will be comparing an object in today’s culture to the Ancient Egyptian scarab. A scarab is â€Å"an artistic depiction of the indigenous Egyptian dung beetle† according to Kathlyn Cooney. The dung beetle is an insect that rolls balls full of dungs, which is where it lays eggs. The Egyptians linked the beetle to the reproductive behavior of mythological cycles of solar death and rebirth. In addition, the Egyptians used the scarab as a symbol of the sun being pushed across the sky and the sun god can create rebirth. There are many types of scarabs found such as the heart scarab, commemorative scarab and scarab amulet. The first type of scarab, which is the best-known scarab, is the heart scarab. The heart scarab dates back to the 17th Dynasty and it has been described as a large amulet made of green stone, and has inscribed Chapter 30B from the Book of the Dead. The scarab would be placed on top of the mummy in order to control the conscious and memory of the deceit person in justice. A scarab similar to the heart scarab would be the so-called winged scar ab because they are similar in form and size, but lacks the inscription on the underside. The

Theories Of Learning And Development Essay - 1581 Words

While Vygotsky, Skinner, and Piaget have undoubtedly influenced theories of learning and development, they share similarities and differences in their views of child development. It would hence be useful to examine these by evaluating their views regarding what development is, how it occurs, and whether phases of development exist. It is important to first establish Vygotsky, Piaget, and Skinner’s views regarding what development is. Piaget and Vygotsky have more similarities in their views of what a child’s development is compared to Skinner, as both are primarily concerned with a child’s cognitive development. Piaget examines how children grow in their mental representations of the world through the processes of assimilation, adaptation, and equilibration in ways that lead to qualitative changes in their mental schemas (Siegler, 1998). This concern with a child’s mental interactions with his environment is a key focus in Piaget’s cognitive theory of development. Similarly, Vygotsky (1978) states that his ‘primary concern is to describe and specify the development of those forms of practical intelligence that are specifically human’ (p. 23), and therefore centers his study on the development of cognitive activity in children. Moreover, both Piaget and Vygotsky believe that cognitive development involves a gradual shift towards having an ability to mentally work out problems and plan one’s actions. Piaget believes that in the preoperational stage, children areShow MoreRelatedLearning and Development Theories939 Words   |  4 Pages Learning and Development Theories: Learning and development theories basically focus on environmental factors that impact peoples behavior like reinforcement, modeling, and punishment. These theories have been developed by several theorists in the field of psychology who have endeavored to understand the development and behavior of human beings. The efforts of these theorists have contributed to the emergence of several theories that explain their work. Actually, there are three major learningRead MoreTheories of Child Development and Learning940 Words   |  4 Pages[pic] [pic]Theories of Child Development and Learning [pic] Several theories of child development and learning have influenced discussions of school readiness. Three have had profound impact on kindergarten readiness practices. These three theories include the maturationist, environmentalist, and constructivist perspectives of development (Powell, 1991). Maturationist Theory The maturationist theory was advanced by the work of Arnold Gessell. Maturationists believe that development is a biologicalRead MoreTheories of Play, Development and Learning2166 Words   |  9 PagesTheories of Play, Development and Learning Child development was previously largely ignored, and there was little attention to the progress which occurs during childhood and adolescence in terms of cognitive abilities, physical growth and language usage. However, researchers have found interest to study typical development in children as well as what influences development. Many theories have emerged which have helped full understanding of the social, emotional and physical growth which occurs inRead MoreMoral Development And The Social Learning Theory Essay1466 Words   |  6 PagesThis essay will examine moral development and the theories of cognitive development and the Social Learning theory. It will also cover key theorists and their perspectives moving on to different kinds of development followed by an evaluation of the chosen theories and the studies that surround their validity. The final segment will be of the nature nurture aspect. Moral development is essentially the ability to distinguish right from wrong actions and good from bad behaviour. Albert Bandura believedRead MoreDevelopment Of Attachment Of The Learning And Evolutionary Theories1579 Words   |  7 Pages I will be evaluating the development of attachment of the learning and evolutionary theories. I will also be looking at different view points regarding the impact of early experience on later life. The first theory I will be looking at is the learning theory. The learning theory is also called behaviourism, which says all of our behaviour is learnt because â€Å"when born our mind is tabula rasa (a blank slate).† (McLeod, 2007). The behaviourist theory of attachment was proposed by Dollard MillerRead MoreDiscuss Major Theories Of Human Development And Learning Essay1617 Words   |  7 PagesDiscuss major theories of human development and learning, including MÄ ori and Pasifika perspectives. This essay will discuss Jean Piaget, Lev Vygotsky and their theories as well as critical points from their theories and explain how they relate back to each theory. It will discuss how both of these theories can be applied to work in relation to a role in the Early Childhood sector. It will include Dr. Rangimarie Pere’s studies in education and how they compare to those of Piaget and Vygotsky. ThisRead MoreLearning Theories, Behavioral Tendencies, And Social Development2000 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Gaining experience as a future teacher helps in understanding the multiple challenges of education. By observing these challenges, one becomes better equipped and more prepared to enter the field. Learning theories, behavioral tendencies, and social development are all factors that affect a student’s success in education. In this paper I will analyze and explain the observations made inside and outside of the classroom at Clarkston High School. Clarkston High School I chose to completeRead MoreTheories on Human Learning and Cognitive Development in Young Children755 Words   |  4 PagesLearning is the keystone to American society. It has brought society trough times of economic darkness, religious revival and social instability. Learning has always been debated in the context of when does the learning start in human development, Is learning the result of nature taking its course as was argued by rationalist like Plato and Rene Descartes. According to (BeeBoyd, 2007) Rationalist view point on education is entrenched in the idea that ( â€Å"knowledge is inborn†). On the other end ofRead MoreI Chose Learning Theory For My Career Development998 Words   |  4 PagesI chose learning theory for my career development paper. Learning theory is basically to help individual identify their own beliefs about human behavior and the process of career choice and development. This theory will show how individuals make career decisions that emphasi ze the importance of their behavior and how they act and think when they make career decisions. I truly believe that every individual have the potential of learning different things but if they do not know what to do they willRead MorePsychology : Learning, Development, Stress And Health, And Personality Theories1590 Words   |  7 PagesDuring psychology class, I learned about many different theories that different people came up with to clarify how we act today. In this paper i’m going to use my knowledge of learning, development, stress and health, and personality theories and integrate them with my life. Although, as a child, observational learning and classical learning played roles in the way I am today; operant learning has really impacted me the most. operant learning is when reinforcements are used to either decrease or increase

U.s. Sarbanes Oxley Act - 1611 Words

The world has witnessed a series of corporate bankruptcies in the recent decades like Enron, Lehman Brothers Inc, Global Crossings, and Tyco in the USA; HIH in Australia, Parmalat in Italy, APP in Asia, and Islamic bank Ltd. of South Africa. These collapses have weakened and shaken the confidence of shareholders, debtors, governmental institutions, and other similar relevant stakeholders in corporate governance (CG) and the stock markets, and led to regulating many reforms and codes of best governance practices all over the world, to strengthen transparency and restore confidence in financial markets (Barros et al., 2013). For instance, after the financial failure of Enron and dissolution of Arthur Anderson; one of the five largest audit and accountancy partnerships in the world, U.S enacted the Sarbanes-Oxley act of 2002; France regulated the financial security law of 2003, as many other countries developed a set of regulations in the aftermath of huge corporate scandals. In Additi on, the integration and globalization of financial markets also has given significance and highlighted the importance of CG as claimed by Srinivasan Srinivasan (2011). Consequently, many studies on the CG have justified their argument on the existence of information asymmetry between managers and stockholders of the company based on the agency theory, which is defined as a contract under which one party (the principal) delegates another party (agent) to perform some services on their behalfShow MoreRelatedSarbanes Oxley Act1322 Words   |  6 PagesSarbanes-Oxley Act The Sarbanes-Oxley is a U.S. federal law that has generated much controversy, and involved the response to the financial scandals of some large corporations such as Enron, Tyco International, WorldCom and Peregrine Systems. These scandals brought down the public confidence in auditing and accounting firms. The law is named after Senator Paul Sarbanes Democratic Party and GOP Congressman Michael G. Oxley. It was passed by large majorities in both Congress and the Senate and coversRead MoreSarbanes Oxley Act and the PCAOB Essay1661 Words   |  7 PagesThe Sarbanes-Oxley Act Overview: The development of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) was a result of public company scandals. The Enron and Worldcom scandals, for example, helped investor confidence in entities traded on the public markets weaken during 2001 and 2002. Congress was quick to respond to the political crisis and enacted the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which was signed into law by President Bush on July 30 (Edward Jones, 1), to restore investor confidence. In reference to SOX, penaltiesRead MoreSarbanes Oxley Act of 2002: A Response to High-profile Corporate Failures1919 Words   |  8 PagesSurbanes Oxley Act 2002 Historical forces have a way of acting in concert, even when propelled by markedly different factors. In the United States, a spate of astonishing high-profile corporate failures have shaken investor confidence and placed corporate fraud and accounting abuses center stage before the public and its governmental representatives. The legislative response to these events was the rapid passage of the Sarbanes- Oxley Act (the Act) of 2002, which virtually overnight transformedRead MoreThe Implications of the Sarbanes Oxley Act on the Accounting Profession755 Words   |  4 PagesThe Implications of the Sarbanes Oxley Act on the Accounting Profession Abstract On July 30, 2002, the Sarbanes Oxley Act (also known as SOX) was signed into law by President George W. Bush. The Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 is a federal law that set new or improved standards for all U.S. public company boards, management and public accounting firms. Covered in the eleven titles are additional corporate board responsibilities, auditing requirements and criminal penalties. ThisRead MoreSarbanes Oxley Outline676 Words   |  3 PagesThe Ineffectiveness of the Sarbanes Oxley Act In Corporate Management and Accounting In the early 1990s, a young company named Enron was quickly moving up Fortune magazine’s chart of â€Å"America’s Most Innovative Company.† As the corporate world began to herald Enron as the next global leader in business, a dark secret loomed on the horizon of this great energy company. Aggressive entrepreneurs eager to push the company’s stock price higher and a series of fraudulent accounting procedures involvingRead MoreAcc499 Written Assignment1534 Words   |  7 Pagessecretly funneled millions of shares of the company’s stock to entities in Gibraltar which they secretly controlled. Those entities then sold off the stocks and had the funds transferred to people and companies associated with Mr. Lee and Mr. Boyne (U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, 2012). The Securities and Exchange Commission charged three executives of Electronic Game Card Inc. and their independent auditor with continually lying to investors about the operations and financial conditionRead MoreLge 500 Week 10 Discussion 12 Essay2300 Words   |  10 PagesUnderlying Causes Please respond to the following: Analyze at least three underlying causes for the creation of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Next, rank the causes that you have analyzed from the most important to the least important to the creation of the Act. Explain your rationale. In the later part of 1990s, there was an epidemic of accounting scandals which arose with the disclosure of financials transgressions by trusted corporate executives. The misdeeds involved misusing or misdirectingRead MoreEnron Research Paper3111 Words   |  13 PagesENRON amp; THE INTRODUCTION OF THE SARBANES OXLEY ACT BY TREVOR GARRETT 02/25/2011 Abstract Enron Corporation was one of the largest energy trading, natural gas and Utilities Company in the world that was based in Huston, Texas. The downfall of Enron is one of the most infamous and shocking events in the financial world, and its reverberations were felt around the globe. Prior to its collapse in 2001, Enron was one of the leading companies in the U.S and considered among top 10 admiredRead MoreAnalysis of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act3143 Words   |  13 PagesAnalysis of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act Abstract The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) was enacted in July 30, 2002, by Congress to protect shareholders and the general public from fraudulent corporate practices and accounting errors and to maintain auditor independence.    In protecting the shareholders and the general public the SOX Act is intended to improve the transparency of the financial reporting.    Financial reports are to be certified by the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chief Financial OfficerRead MoreSox Research Paper2060 Words   |  9 PagesSeminar in Accounting ACC499 004016 Summer 2009 Nonprofits and the Sarbanes Oxley Act Submitted: Submitted to: Tee M. Thein Table of Contents Abstract Introduction SOX regulations for nonprofits Reasons for nonprofits to adopt SOX Conclusion Research file memorandum Communication memorandum References Abstract Introduction The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) of 2002 (U.S. House of Representatives 2002) was passed by congress as a result of

An Ethical Dilemma Residential Aged Care

Question: Discuss about theAn Ethical Dilemmafor Residential Aged Care. Answer: Introduction An ethical dilemma is a situation in which one finds difficult to handle and often calls for an apparent mental conflict between moral laws, whereby choosing to abide by one would lead to transgressing the other. An ethical dilemma, in this case, is a situation, in which a registered nurse (RN) on duty insists on taking Elsie to the hospital because of her deteriorated health condition, and further, the paramedics attempted resuscitation despite the fact that Elsie did not want it done on her. Unfortunately, Elsie died upon arrival to the emergency department. As a result, Elsies family sues the RN, the paramedics and the Residential Aged Care (RAC) facility for taking Elsie to the hospital against her will, making her stressed leading to her death. The scenario presents different stakeholders: Two healthcare professionals the RN and the paramedics, the RAC facility, the family members and the student studying the course. What follows in this discussion, therefore, is the ethical an d legal conflicts of the scenario, and how they would be resolved in a legal and ethical manner. Ethical and Legal Conflicts Ethical Conflicts In this setting, there are several potential sources of conflicts. The American Nurses Association Code of Ethics (2001) guides nursing practice in the U.S. It guides the duties and the ethical obligations of persons within the nursing profession. According to the Code, there is a conviction that nursing encompasses the prevention of illness, the alleviation of suffering, and the protection, promotion, and restoration of health in the care of individuals, families, groups and communities (p.5). In this regard, nurses are obliged to adhere to the beliefs and values presented in code. However, nurses in a rehabilitation setting work together with diverse individuals each from different disciplines, with its unique set of values and beliefs to guide the professionals (Jimnez-Herrera Axelsson, 2015). Despite the fact that these disciplines could have common beliefs and values like to respect the humanness, and the individual being attended to, there are differences in how to deliver the services. According to Savage, Parson, Zollman Kirschner (2009), this can lead to a source of conflict. For example, the fact that the RN thought it was right to take Elsie to the hospital does not mean that she could find treatment there because she had not filled the advanced care directive. In this situation, a physical therapist at the hospital could refuse to attend to Elsie because according to the professions code of ethics it would be unethical to do what the patient does not want. Thus, it becomes an ethical conflict between the RN and the physical therapist at the hospital. Another possible source of an ethical conflict is the expectations and beliefs of the consumer according to the regulatory requirements. A governing body for rehabilitation known as the Commission on Accreditation on Rehabilitation Facilities calls for its team to involve and respect the decisions of the individuals they are serving throughout the recovery process (Holm Severinsson, 2014). If at all the patients and the family members refuse recommendations or treatments from the healthcare provider, then there is a possibility for a moral dilemma to the healthcare personnel. A moral dilemma only transpires when there are two or more moral principles that apply but support mutually contradictory actions (Hopia, Lottes Kanne, 2016). For example, the RN and the paramedics in the case believed it was right for Elsie to be treated. However, Elsie asked them to leave her the way she was. It becomes a difficult situation to the RN and the paramedics, and they decide to carry on with resu scitation which did not work. Legal Conflicts Healthcare realm has become more and more litigious with patients expecting perfect results each time they attend care. However, requirements extend even beyond care and treatment to insurance authorization, licensure, regulations for healthcare organization accreditation, and privacy of healthcare information. Besides, they permeate daily practice and form a framework for providing care (Holm Severinsson, 2014). Additionally, the Joint Commission for Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations surveys institutions whether ambulatory, hospitals, rehabilitation, hospice, among others, offering health care and awards accreditation upon meeting its standards, which get divided into three broad categories. One is the patient-focused functions such as patients rights. Two is the organization focused functions such as prevention and control of infection and management of the environment of care. Three is structures having features like management, medical staff, and nursing. Other than that , the controlled health care environment often has some hidden sources of legal conflicts; that is, the restrictions and the requirements of what should be done, when and by whom (Kangasniemi, Pakkanen Korhonen, 2015). In the case of Elsie, a legal conflict arises because Elsie had already discussed with her family that she did not want any aggressive treatment or resuscitation done on her. However, the registered nurse insisted on doing what she thought was right. As a result, a legal conflict arises between the healthcare professionals and the family members, who claim that the RN and the paramedics are the causes of Elsies death. Their reason for this is that their actions made the patient stressed up because it was against her will. Impact of the Conflict on Stakeholders Human Dignity and Human Rights Of course, patient care is an essential aspect of a human right to health. It values both attention and scrutiny. Instead of appropriate care, healthcare providers and patients may face a variety of abuses that insult human dignity and jeopardize health outcomes (Rosoff Leong, 2015). They range from violations of patients rights to confidentiality, privacy, informed consent, and non-discrimination to other abuses which are inhuman, cruel and degrade treatment. Likewise, the health care providers may face violations like sanctions for offering evidence-based healthcare, unsafe working conditions, denial of due process in case a client complains about them, and limits on the freedom of association. Based on the conflicts mentioned in the above scenario, there are vast violations of human rights. For example, the conflicts violate the nurses right to practice in a way that satisfies their duties to the community and the patient. Other than that, they violate the patients right to refus e treatment which affects her care. Principles of Healthcare Ethics In the society today, there are different values outlined in the Constitution providing the foundation for the society. Besides, there are four guiding principles of healthcare ethics: autonomy, beneficence and nonmaleficence, veracity and justice (Tomi?-Petrovi?, 2015). Autonomy is the obligation to allow a person the right to make a decision (Rosoff Leong, 2015). Conflicts occurred when the individuals served to make decisions that collide with that of the healthcare professionals. An example is that of Elsie whereby she refuses treatment which the RN believes in not safe for her. The autonomy principle, however, indicates that the health care personnel must respect what the patient wants (Tomi?-Petrovi?, 2015). Beneficence, on the other hand, is the obligation to do good, while nonmaleficence is the requirement to do no harm. In this case, the nurse is expected to choose what is right when in a state of treatment options. Veracity offers the duty to truthful and provides the nece ssary information to the patient. In a situation where providing medication would be beneficial but has some significant risk, then it would be important, to tell the truth to the patient in a manner that the patient would understand (Sabatino, Kangasniemi, Rocco, Alvaro Stievano, 2016). Lastly, justice is the responsibility of being fair. Health care services rely on the decisions about type, payer, duration of treatment and frequency. However, insurance carriers come in with more expensive packages which favor other individuals, though not all. Thus, the question is, is justice served or not? Virtues Informing the Healthcare Professions The professional virtues that do not relate more to the medical science but relate more to the patients experience of illness are imagination, hope, and continuity of care, witnessing, listening, presence and respect (Snelling, 2016). Therefore, to deal with a complex problem, a doctor has to come up with a coherent story, which helps more to cope than to cure. Clinical care relies on how a teller and a listener relate, and how the audience respectfully and attentively listens to the story (Berghout, Exel, Leensvaart Cramm, 2015). Therefore, a medical professional in Elsies case would try to explain to the family that it is not right for a normal human being to sit and watch a patient die, while there is something that can be done to save the patients life. Aside from that, the family should understand that there are laws that govern the nursing profession, and they had to abide by them, failure to which they would be answerable to the law. Codes of Ethics and Professional Conduct The Code of ethics and professional conduct in healthcare identifies core values for the profession and creates the standards of conduct as expected by nurses in practice (Bostock-Cox, 2015). It serves as a guide to help the ethical decisions that the health care professionals face, providing them with a framework to regulate their practice (Sutcliffe, 2011). According to the case study, the relevant codes of ethics are: Nurses should respect the clients informed decision to refuse care. Nurses should find consent for the nursing interventions when required and collaborate with the other health care personnel to get consent for treatment. In case clients are not able to make decisions on their own, they should seek permission from the family members. Nurses should provide the necessary care unless states otherwise. Resolution The success of the decision making in the conflict resolution policy depends heavily on how well the process got done about providing healthcare to the patient (Dubler Liebman, 2004). It is evident that the medics were the de facto champions that must commit to embracing conflict resolution, therefore, must be supported by all the parties involved. For effective adoption and implementation of the conflict resolution policy, a thorough process of educating the medics needs to get developed. On the other hand, if RN refuses to provide health care violates the patients right to healthcare. Therefore, providing treatment must be considered as the correct thing to do. Ethically, if the RN could have stopped the medics from responding to the distress call from Elsie, she or he could have faced patients coercion while providing treatment because of the fear of objectionable consequences from the family. Although, it is nice to respect and acknowledge the positive decisions made by RN and the medics, the rights of the patient also need to be considered (Kangasniemi, Vaismoradi, Jasper Turunen, 2013). With open, transparent communication, patient involvement, and cooperation healthcare conflict can get transformed into a safer one. Moreover, the health institution that is involved in the conflict must try in cooperating steps such as conducting an organization conflict assessment, providing training in conflict management and prevention among others. Additionally, the patients family must be involved in any action taken by the patient. Furthermore, if the situation is not easy as was in the case of Elsie, a more formal process such as mediation can h elp. Solving such conditions calls for the involved parties to sit down together and talk about the issue. Legally all the parties need to follow healthcare policies. Otherwise, the professional voice of the RN attending to the patient, honest feelings of the paramedics, and the bilateral discussion of the clinical action proposals can also prevail. Moreover, the family needs to know that the paramedics have a privilege and professional obligation of assisting the patient. On the other hand, to solve such conflicts, there must be; structured communication and collaboration as well as formal mediation. It is evident that the best way to resolve problems is to bring together the affected parties so that they may talk through their dilemma. With effective communication and collaboration, there is a satisfactory resolution of the differences. Therefore, working collaboratively decreases the risk of patient outcomes. To conclude with, an organization ought to have a well-developed system that can help in the management of the healthcare conflict (Morreim, 2015). Health institution must deviate from secretive, and blame focused formations on developing cultures of openness and learning that require all of the skills of collaboration and communication. A well-equipped health center has to incorporate effective conflict management principles and processes into their culture. Moreover, cultures that help in managing conflict positively and prioritize continuing education and training in conflict resolution equip themselves with essential means on how to solve patient safety dilemma. Further, it is vital to bring to the table the right parties, and if the problem persisted, then a mediator should come in. References American Nurses Association. (2001). Code of ethics for nurses with interpretive statements. Washington, DC: Author. Berghout, M., van Exel, J., Leensvaart, L., Cramm, J. M. (2015). Healthcare professionals' views on patient-centered care in hospitals. BMC Health Services Research, 15(1), 1-13. Bostock-Cox, B. (2015). The Nursing and Midwifery Code: Making it work for you and your patients. Practice Nurse, 45(4), 34-37. Dubler, N. N., Liebman, C. B. (2004). Bioethics: Mediating Conflict in the Hospital Environment. Dispute Resolution Journal, 59(2), 32-39. Holm, A. L., Severinsson, E. (2014). Reflections on the ethical dilemmas involved in promoting self-management. Nursing Ethics, 21(4), 402-413. Hopia, H., Lottes, I., Kanne, M. (2016). Ethical concerns and dilemmas of Finnish and Dutch health professionals. Nursing Ethics, 23(6), 659-673. Jimnez-Herrera, M. F., Axelsson, C. (2015). Some ethical conflicts in emergency care. Nursing Ethics, 22(5), 548-560. Kangasniemi, M., Vaismoradi, M., Jasper, M., Turunen, H. (2013). Ethical issues in patient safety: Implications for nursing management. Nursing Ethics, 20(8), 904-916. Kangasniemi, M., Pakkanen, P., Korhonen, A. (2015). Professional ethics in nursing: an integrative review. Journal Of Advanced Nursing, 71(8), 1744-1757. Morreim, H. (2015). Conflict Resolution in the Clinical Setting: A Story Beyond Bioethics Mediation. Journal Of Law, Medicine Ethics, 43(4), 843-856. Rosoff, P. M., Leong, K. M. (2015). An Ethical and Legal Framework for Physicians as Surrogate Decision-Makers for Their Patients. Journal Of Law, Medicine Ethics, 43(4), 857-877. Sabatino, L., Kangasniemi, M. K., Rocco, G., Alvaro, R., Stievano, A. (2016). Nurses perceptions of professional dignity in hospital settings. Nursing Ethics, 23(3), 277-293. Savage, T. A., Parson, J., Zollman, F., Kirschner, K. L. (2009). Rehabilitation team disagreement: Guidelines for resolution. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 1, 10911097. Snelling, P. C. (2016). The metaethics of nursing codes of ethics and conduct. Nursing Philosophy, 17(4), 229-249. Sutcliffe, H. (2011). Understanding the NMC code of conduct: a student perspective. Nursing Standard, 25(52), 35-39. Tomi?-Petrovi?, N. M. (2015). Moral responsibility of healthcare personnel. Vojnosanitetski Pregled: Military Medical Pharmaceutical Journal Of Serbia, 72(1), 77-81

Bootlegging free essay sample

After the eighteenth amendment went into effect, the quickest way to make money was through the illegal production and smuggling of alcohol. Smuggling created the infamous gangsters who made their fortunes from the moonshine. The greatest contributor of wealth and crime of the 1920’s in the United States was brought about by the illegal production of alcohol, or bootlegging. History shows that alcohol production became such an important aspect of American life that the population depended on it. The origins of alcohol production can be traced back to 6000 B. C. where it was produced in the forms of wine and beer to substitute clean water (â€Å"History†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). Due to the difficulty of hauling grain to markets, farmers were able to profit more from turning their crops into alcohol, rather than selling the grain at markets. The colonists’ main concern when coming to the new world was water sources (Lieurance). Therefore, alcoholic beverages were brought in mass q uantities in order to substitute water if needed (â€Å"Rumrunning†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). We will write a custom essay sample on Bootlegging or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The alcohol of the early America could be used as currency, at special events or for medical remedies. In the colonial days, doctors felt that alcoholic beverages were needed to help people stay healthy. † In the late eighteenth century, in America, there was a heavy tax on alcohol, so a rebellion broke out which was known as the Whiskey Rebellion (Lieurance). Illegal alcohol was given the name moonshine because it was often made at night by the moonlight (â€Å"History†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). The initial prohibition, which led to the Eighteenth Amendment, was started for a variety of reasons. The initial surge of prohibition came due to public drunkenness and nativism against the very alcoholic Europe. When national prohibition went into effect on January 16, 1920, it did not affect religious or medicinal alcohol. Many people believed that teaching people of the dangers of alcohol was better than full out prohibition. The Temperance groups that helped bring about prohibition include the WCTU (Women’s Christian Temperance Union), the MSSI (Massachusetts Society for Suppression of Intemperance), and the Anti-Saloon League. During WWI, alcohol production was considered a waste of fruits and grains while troops were in need of food (Lieurance). Prohibition destroyed many of the breweries in America and took away from government revenue and was finally ended on December 5, 1933. â€Å"Critics argue that the Amendment failed to eliminate drinking,†¦spawned organized crime, and led beer drinkers to hard liquor† (â€Å"The Jazz Age†). The illegal production of alcohol, or bootlegging, was created from Prohibition, the very thing that tried to regulate it. Bootlegging is defined as the â€Å"†¦illegal traffic of liquor in violation of legislative restrictions†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The term is derived from the 1880’s when smugglers would carry alcohol in their boots to sell to Indians (â€Å"Bootlegging†). Though prohibition outlawed it, bootlegging greatly increased the number of speakeasies and illegal stills (â€Å"The Jazz Age†). Bootlegging also increased smuggling, extortion, and organized crime rates within the cities. This bootlegging was often grouped with narcotics, gambling and prostitution as well (â€Å"Bootlegging†). Bootlegging was prominent in states near national boarders that could easily be crossed (â€Å"Prohibition†). Though Prohibition ended, bootlegging remained in areas that had locally banned alcohol (â€Å"Bootlegging†). Out of the bootlegging industry grew the gangsters that profited from it through extortion and illegality. â€Å"America experienced a massive increase in corruption and the growth of organized crime†¦Ã¢â‚¬  due to prohibition. â€Å"Powerful gangsters murdered anybody who got in their way† (Feinstein). Al Capone, a notorious gangster, joined the mob in 1920, killed off the mob boss with his friend Torrio, and later took over the mob from Torrio. The other major gangster of New York and Chicago was Bugs Moran, the target of the Valentine’s Day Massacre (Feinstein). On Valentine’s Day, Capone lured Bugs Moran’s men to an empty warehouse. He then had his men kill Moran’s men, in what is known as the Valentine’s Day Massacre (Lieurance). Capone’s chain of command kept him out of much of the trouble that the police suspected him to have caused. He was later convicted on tax exemption and died of pneumonia on January 25, 1947 (â€Å"Al Capone†). Even though Capone was a well-known criminal, the help he gave to the community gave him much love and praise as he drove around Chicago (Feinstein). Another difficulty for the law enforcement in the conviction of these gangsters was the gangsters’ ability to buy off police and chief public officials (Lieurance). The job of enforcing the lawbreaking bootleggers fell to Elliot Ness and his team of elite men. Elliot Ness was known for being the lead organized crime fighter of the twenties, as he took down Al Capone and weeded out over 200 corrupt officials (â€Å"Elliot†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). â€Å"†¦ Elliot Ness joined the Department of Justice in Chicago. Ness suggested that a special unit be created that would report to only the highest officials† (Lieurance). Elliot’s elite team was known as the Untouchables because they could not be bribed. It contained nine men with a variety of different skills that made busts on the major distributors. Though the Untouchables were never able to convict Capone on liquor trafficking charges, they did harm his business. In one case, Ness paraded Capone’s vehicles, which were taken from a bust, around the city to irritate Capone to the point of calling a hit on Ness that was never completed. This group was able to catch Capone’s bookkeeper, which later helped convict Capone of tax fraud (Lieurance).